Benito Mussolini yabaye umunyapolitiki w’Umutaliyani, washinze ubutegetsi bwa Fascism mu ndetse yaje kuba n’umuyobozi w’iki gihugu kuva mu 1922 kugeza mu 1943. Ni umunyagitugu uzwi cyane mu mateka cyane cyane mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi.
Yavutse ku itariki ya 29 Nyakanga 1883, avukira mu gace ka Predappio mu Butaliyani. Se yari umukozi usudira, ariko agakunda cyane politike, naho nyina yari umwarimu.
Ni gute uyu munyagitugu Yafashije Kiliziya Gaturika kugira ubuhangage?
Benito Mussolini yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kubaho no gukomera kwa Kiliziya Gatolika, cyane cyane binyuze mu Amasezerano ya Laterano (Lateran Treaty) yashyizweho umukono 1929. Aya masezerano niyo yashyize iherezo ku makimbirane yari hagati ya Kiliziya Gatolika na Leta ya Italia.
Dore uko Ikibazo cyari Giteye
Mu kinyejana cya 8, Papa yatangiye gutegeka ibice bimwe by’Ubutaliyani, bizwi nka Papal States. Ibi bice byakomeje guturwaho n’Abapapa kugeza mu 1870, ubwo Ingoma y’ubutaliani yigaruriraga utwo duce byuzuye mu cyiswe Italian Unification, ariko Papa Leo XIII yanga kuyoboka ubwo butegetsi bushya. Ibi byakuruye amakimbirane akomeye.
Muri 1870, Ingabo z’Abataliyani zinjiye mu Mujyi wa Roma, zifata ahari hasigaye hagenzurwa na Papa, maze Roma ihinduka umurwa mukuru w’Ubutaliyani.
Papa Piyo wa IX (Pius IX) nawe yakomeje kwaga kwemera Leta nshya y’ubutaliani ndetse yanze kuva mu Ngoro ya Vatikani, atanga amabwiriza abuza burundu Abagatolika kugira uruhare mu bikorwa bya Leta y’ubutaliani. Muri ibi bihe, Kiliziya yatangiye gutinya ko Leta y’ubutaliani ishobora kwivanga mu byayo, igatuma idini ritakaza ubwigenge bwaryo.
Leta y’ubutaliani nayo yashatse kwerekana ko ari igihugu cy’igihangage, Kandi ko idashaka ko Papa akomeza kugira ijambo mu by’igihugu, bikomeza gutryo ndetse bibyara amakimbirane akomeye hagati ya Kiliziya Gaturika na Leta Y’ubutaliani.
Nyuma y’imyaka irenga 50 hari ubwo bwumvikane bucye hagati ya Kiliziya na Leta y’ubutaliani, Benito Mussolini yari amaze kugera ku butegetsi. Aha yaje kwegera Papa Piyo wa Xl, bemera kuganira ngo bashake ibisubizo birambye ndatse basinyana n’amasezerano azwi nka Laterano (Lateran Treaty) mu 1929, Aya masezerano ahita yemeza ko Umujyi wa Vatikani uba igihugu cyigenga, ugasigara ari icyicaro cya Kiliziya Gatolika.
Dore ibyavuye muri ayo Masezerano
Umujyi wa Vatikani wemejwe nk’igihugu cyigenga, ndetse byemezwa ko kizajya kiyoborwa na Papa, ndetse na Leta Y’ubutaliani yemera ko itazongera kwivanga mu butegetsi bwa Vatikani.
U Butaliyani bwemeye gutanga ingurane ku butaka bwigaruriwe mu 1870. aha, Leta Y’ubutaliani yemeye guha Vatikani amafaranga nk’ingurane y’ubutaka bwahoze ari intara z’Abapapa (Papal States), kuko bari barazigaruriye nyamara zari zarahoze Ari iza Kiliziya.
Vatikani yahawe uburenganzira bwo kugira ubukungu bwayo bwite Kandi bwigenga. Aha hari harimo kugira banki yayo.
Kiliziya Gatolika nayo yemeye Leta Y’ubutaliani, kuko Papa yemeye ko Leta Y’ubutaliani ari Leta iyemewe, agaragaza ko noneho yemeye gukorana na yo, ndetse Abagatolika bemererwa kugira uruhare muri politiki y’u Butaliyani.
Kiliziya Gatolika yemerewe kugira uruhare mu burezi, ndetse n’Abaromani byemezwa ko bagomba kujya bigishwa idini Gatolika.
Ishyingiranwa rikorewe muri Kiliziya Gatolika naryo ryahise ryemerwa n’amategeko y’u Butaliyani.
Aya masezerano yashyize iherezo ku makimbirane yari amaze imyaka hafi 59 hagati ya Kiliziya Gatolika na Leta y’Ubutaliyani, bitryo Umujyi wa Vatikani (Vatican City) uhinduka igihugu gito kurusha ibindi ku isi, gifite ubuso bwa 0.49 km². Ndetse kiba n’icyicaro cy’ubutware bwa Kiliziya Gatolika, Kandi gikomeza kuyoborwa na Papa.
Nubwo Mussolini avugwa nk’umutegetsi w’igitugu, yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gushimangira ububasha bwa Kiliziya Gatolika, atuma Vatikani iba igihugu cyigenga, ndetse yemeza ko Gatolika ari ryo dini ryemewe, kandi ayiha ubwisanzure mu bikorwa byayo. Uruhare rwe rwatumye Kiliziya igira ijambo rikomeye mu Butaliyani no ku isi yose.
